Compositional and Morphological Investigations of Roman Glass from Cremation Deposits at Birdoswald Fort on Hadrian’s Wall, UK

Several different types of burial were identified during the excavation Roman military cemetery associated with fort at Birdoswald, on Hadrian’s Wall (UK). Fragments glass vessels and beads recovered from many cremation deposits, as they commonly used rituals, these had been affected by heat. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy to investigate raw materials, colorants opacifiers employed produce assemblage. Most large fragments are transparent a blue-green colour, composition typical recycled glass. The smaller coloured sometimes opaque. Colourants characteristic added in this formulation, including cobalt-based compounds (blue glass), copper alloys (green white calcium antimonate, yellow lead antimonate. multianalytical approach research has allowed for distinguishing extreme depletion sodium surface melted due exposure high temperatures process, followed weathering environment. Based chemical bulk samples, model temperature viscosity was applied order assess pyre, providing relevant information about funerary rituals technology Britain.